High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1; Amphoterin) Is Required for Zebrafish Brain Development

High Mobility Group Box 1 and Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. We identify High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) as a novel causative factor in the development of cerebral oedema, mediating coagulation, preventing secondary brain damage as well as serving as a novel therapeutic target to limit secondary neurological injury after TBI. As a prototypical danger associated molecular...

High Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HMGB1) interacts with multiple Toll like receptors

High mobility group box 1(HMGB1), originally described as a DNA-binding protein, can also be released extracellularly and functions as a late mediator of inflammatory responses. Although recent reports indicated that the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), as well as Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), were involved in cellular activation by HMGB1, there has been little evidenc...

A Janus tale of two active high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) redox states.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is released at sites of inflammation and/or tissue damage. There, it promotes cytokine production and chemokine production/cell migration. New work shows that the redox status of HMGB1 distinguishes its cytokine-inducing and chemokine activity. Reduced all-thiol-HMGB1 has sole chemokine activity, whe...

The function of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the immune system

High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in ischaemic heart disease: beneficial or deleterious?

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1; also known as amphoterin) protein was identified more than 30 years ago as a non-chromosomal nuclear protein that maintains the nucleosome structure and regulates gene transcription. HMGB1 is highly conserved among species, has over 98% identity among all mammals, and is ubiquitously expressed in almost all types of cells. HMGB1-deficient mice are viable but di...